break up the closed system. This is a central point for us in the development and evaluation of our own concepts andwhen it comes to integrating urban structures. These areas particularly shape the overall image of a city; they serve as connecting links in the structure of a city and its inhabitants. This can be easily seen in the Center Zurich -Nord.

Othmar Humm: To what extent are the separating and connecting layers subject to the spirit ofthe time, to change?

Nussbaumer: Let's go back to the Center Zurich-Nord as an illustrative example. This center is being developed over a period of more than 20 years. Thus the various concepts must offer sufficient flexibility in order to make subsequent revisions possible - including those in the sense of whatever zeitgeist is current at the time. Open systems are intelligent only if they can adapt to the period and its requirements again and again.

Moser: An open system also conditions openness in the search for a solution. The Hotelplan headquarters project in Opfikon is a very nice example of this. Since the planning area has no urban structures, we created them into the building, so to speak. Because of the huge amount of noise pollution, we put three individual office buildings under a glass bell and connected them to each other by means of several bridges. This

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